琼岛杨一年生播种苗生长节律研究

于2019年5月6日到12月25日对海南省琼岛杨Populus qiongdaoensis一年生播种苗的苗高、地径生长量进行定期观测,采用Logistic方程进行生长进程拟合,研究琼岛杨的苗期生长节律。结果表明,琼岛杨苗高和地径生长都呈现"慢—快—慢"的"S"形生长规律,且苗高、地径生长量与Logistic方程的回归相关性达到极显著水平,其相关系数分别达0.994和0.996。苗高生长速生期约119 d,占生长期的39.67%,占苗高年总生长量的63.77%;地径生长速生期约125 d,占生长期的45.42%,占地径年总生长量的66.15%。     

四川老鹰茶醇提物的抑菌及抗氧化活性研究

以四川3个不同地区的老鹰茶及老鹰茶植物的鲜叶为原料,采用超声波辅助提取技术提取醇提物,测定多酚和黄酮含量以及抑菌和抗氧化性活性.结果表明:6种样品醇提物的提取率最高的为石棉老鹰茶鲜叶,为(26.73±0.68)％;总多酚和总黄酮含量最高的是石棉老鹰茶鲜叶,分别为(22.10±0.11)％和(16.77±0.14)％.6种样品醇提物对4种细菌均有抑制作用,且提取物浓度越高抑菌效果越强;其中石棉老鹰茶鲜叶对痢疾志贺氏菌(Shigella dysenteriae)抑制效果最好,抑菌圈直径达到(2.56±0.09)cm.6种样品醇提物的DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼)自由基清除能力和总还原能力均高于对照品BHT(2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚).6种样品抑菌和抗氧化能力结果由强到弱为石棉老鹰茶鲜叶>叙州老鹰茶鲜叶>青川老鹰茶鲜叶>石棉老鹰茶>叙州老鹰茶>青川老鹰茶.试验表明四川3个不同地区的老鹰茶及老鹰茶植物的鲜叶均具有较强的抑菌和抗氧化活性,其中石棉老鹰茶植物的鲜叶相对更好,可优先开发利用.     

Molecular Characterization of the Von Willebrand Factor Type D Domain of Vitellogenin from Takifugu flavidus

The von Willebrand factor type D (VWD) domain in vitellogenin has recently been found to bind tetrodotoxin. The way in which this protein domain associates with tetrodotoxin and participates in transporting tetrodotoxin in vivo remains unclear. A cDNA fragment of the vitellogenin gene containing the VWD domain from pufferfish (Takifugu flavidus) (TfVWD) was cloned. Using in silico structural and docking analyses of the predicted protein, we determined that key amino acids (namely, Val¹¹⁵, ASP¹¹⁶, Val¹¹⁷, and Lys¹²²) in TfVWD mediate its binding to tetrodotoxin, which was supported by in vitro surface plasmon resonance analysis. Moreover, incubating recombinant rTfVWD together with tetrodotoxin attenuated its toxicity in vivo, further supporting protein–toxin binding and indicating associated toxicity-neutralizing effects. Finally, the expression profiling of TfVWD across different tissues and developmental stages indicated that its distribution patterns mirrored those of tetrodotoxin, suggesting that TfVWD may be involved in tetrodotoxin transport in pufferfish. For the first time, this study reveals the amino acids that mediate the binding of TfVWD to tetrodotoxin and provides a basis for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying the enrichment and transfer of tetrodotoxin in pufferfish.     

近五年我国进口巴西棉花质量分析

根据近五年实验室检测大数据,分析我国进口巴西棉花品质指标的主体范围,总结不同主体指标各等级分布情况及变化趋势.结果 表明,巴西棉花的品级、长度和马克隆值合同品质符合率高,但不同指标不同时间段品质符合率略有偏差.综合认为:近五年巴西棉花品质一致性好,主体品质占比大,主体指标范围品质符合率高.     

南水北调中线工程水质监测站点布设研究

科学合理布设水质监测站点是加强南水北调中线工程对突发水污染事件监控,保障水质安全的重要手段。制定水质监测站点的布设方案受到监测效率与布设成本的约束,同时,监测仪器精度、污染物衰减特性的不确定性等问题也对布设方案产生影响。以中线工程京石段为研究对象,基于一维水质模型,以突发水污染事件漏报率最低、发现时间最短以及监测站点布设成本最小为目标函数,构建水质监测站点布设多目标优化模型对布设方案进行优化,同时结合监测仪器精度对目标函数的影响确定了最优布设方案,在此基础上,分析了污染物衰减特性对最优布设方案的影响。研究结果可为中线工程合理布设水质监测站点提供建议。     

外源ABA与盐胁迫对银边吊兰生长及生理特性的影响

[目的]通过探究外源ABA与不同浓度盐胁迫对银边吊兰生长及生理特性的影响,为盐渍化土壤中园林草本植物的耐盐适应奠定一定的理论基础.[方法]以水培条件下生长健壮的银边吊兰为材料,设置3个盐浓度梯度处理1个月(分别为S0(0 mmol/L)、S1(100 mmol/L)、S2(200 mmol/L)及2个ABA喷施处理(喷施与不喷施)),对其叶片形态、生物量、净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)、光合色素含量、渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性等进行测定与分析.[结果](1)盐胁迫下银边吊兰生物量、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、可溶性糖含量显著降低;光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)显著下降;膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增加,表明盐胁迫显著影响了银边吊兰的生长及营养物质积累,抑制了其光合特性,加剧了其氧化胁迫.盐胁迫下银边吊兰通过提高根冠比以提高对逆境的耐受性,增加脯氨酸含量以应对渗透胁迫,增强过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性以应对氧化胁迫.表明银边吊兰通过调节其生长生理特性对盐胁迫做出了积极响应.(2)喷施外源ABA使盐胁迫下银边吊兰的生物量、根冠比、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量显著增加,表明外源ABA缓解了盐胁迫对其生长、营养物质积累和光合特性的影响;同时,外源ABA增加了盐胁迫下银边吊兰的脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量,缓解了其渗透胁迫;而膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低,POD和APX活性显著升高,表明外源ABA通过调节银边吊兰的抗氧化酶活性缓解了盐胁迫对其造成的氧化胁迫.[结论]盐胁迫显著抑制了银边吊兰的生长.银边吊兰通过增加其根冠比、提高渗透调节物质脯氨酸含量和抗氧化酶活性以积极应对.喷施外源ABA可进一步增加盐胁迫下植株的根冠比、渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶的活性,降低蒸腾速率,有效缓解盐胁迫对银边吊兰的伤害,提高其抗盐性.     

Intestinal Microbiota in Large Yellow Croaker,Larimichthys crocea,at Different Ages

The polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE) of 16S ribosomal RNA gene was used to investigate bacterial communities in the intestines of large yellow croaker at six different ages (12 d, 18 d, 26 d, 40 d, 3 mo, and 1 yr old) as well as within the corresponding feed and culture water. In addition, Illumina Miseq sequencing was utilized to compare intestinal microbiota between 12‐d‐old and 1‐yr‐old individuals. PCR‐DGGE results revealed that the culture water had the highest bacterial diversity, followed by the feed, while the intestines had the lowest diversity. The intestinal microbiota at six ages changed severely; however, the change did not follow any trend. The large yellow croaker intestines harbored specific bacterial communities that differed from those in both feed and water. Illumina Miseq sequencing results revealed that the diversity of intestinal bacteria in 12‐d‐old fish was higher than that in 1‐yr‐old fish, and the bacterial composition differed significantly between them. γ‐Proteobacteria and Pseudoalteromonas supplied the most abundant phylum and genus in the 12‐d‐old fish intestine. However, in the 1‐yr‐old fish intestine, Firmicutes and Clostridium were the most dominant, respectively. The study may contribute to a better understanding of gut microbiota and dynamics of the large yellow croaker and the relationship with their surrounding environment.     

江西一季籼粳杂交稻稻曲病防治药剂及次数研究

选择合适的防治药剂和防治次数是减轻稻曲病危害的关键。本研究以籼粳杂交稻甬优12为材料,比较了6种药剂和3种喷施次数对稻曲病的防控效果和产量性状差异。结果表明,在6种药剂中,阿米妙收处理的病穗率防效和病指防效最好,分别达到91.53%和96.63%,但与其他药剂无显著性差异。在防治次数上,爱苗和拿敌稳均为防治3次的处理病指防效最好,分别为81.73%和80.15%,显著高于防治次数3次以下的处理。阿米妙收处理的产量最高,达11 719.52 kg/hm~2,显著高于其他处理。